tabula

the research behind tabula

tabula is a journal, not a treatment. but how it asks, reminds and responds is shaped by studies of self-tracking and mental health apps. here's what they found, what tabula does because of it, and how sure we can be. sources were found with consensus, cited in apa 7, with full references at the bottom.

tracking helps you notice. on its own, it rarely helps you feel better.

evidence: strong

A 2026 meta-analysis of eight randomised trials found that mood monitoring on its own had no robust effect on symptoms in bipolar disorder, and only a small, borderline effect on depression at 12 months (SMD = −0.25; Astill Wright et al., 2026). Apps that teach skills do better: across 92 randomised trials, mental health apps improved outcomes compared with control groups (g = 0.43; Valentine et al., 2025). One trial compared the two directly. Monitoring alone did no better than a waitlist, while monitoring plus brief skill content improved depression, anxiety and negative thinking (SMDs of about 0.32 to 0.40; Everitt et al., 2021).

so tabula

  • never says that tracking treats anything. it's for noticing patterns and reflecting.
  • pairs check-ins with small skills (below), rather than asking for more data.

small skills, chosen for their evidence

evidence: moderate (strong for skills in general, mixed for single techniques)

In a large trial of a self-help app for young people, using its behavioural activation challenges (small, planned, doable activities) predicted lower depression three months later (β = −0.28; Bralee et al., 2025). Reappraisal, looking at a situation from another angle, shows small to medium benefits in mobile interventions (SMD = 0.34; Morello et al., 2023). Breathwork shows small to medium pooled effects on stress, anxiety and depression (Fincham, Strauss, Montero-Marín, et al., 2023). Single techniques are less certain: a placebo-controlled trial of coherent breathing found no added benefit over a matched placebo (Fincham, Strauss, & Cavanagh, 2023), and slow-paced breathing offered just in time eased anxiety in the moment but had mixed effects across the day (Lachowicz et al., 2026).

so tabula

  • offers one short skill after a heavy check-in: slow breathing, grounding (5-4-3-2-1), one tiny step, or another angle.
  • keeps every skill optional and skippable, one at a time, and doesn't promise any single one works for everyone.

no streaks, points or punishment

evidence: moderate

Across 38 studies, gamification did not make depression apps more effective (β = −0.03, p = .38) or improve adherence (Six et al., 2021). Across 92 trials, persuasive design features showed no link to how well apps worked or how much they were used (Valentine et al., 2025), and trials of depression and anxiety apps lost fewer people when they had reminders and human contact and no gamification (Liu et al., 2025). Reviews also flag a risk of over-engagement (Cheng & Ebrahimi, 2023). One gamified app did keep 21% more people, though the trial couldn't separate the game from the rest of the app (Litvin et al., 2020).

so tabula

  • has no streak counters, points or leaderboards, and no red "missed" or "overdue".
  • lets the cairn only grow. nothing you've done is ever taken away.

the caveat: direct evidence that streaks cause guilt is still limited. this is a careful choice more than a proven one.

stepping away is normal

evidence: moderate

Studies of how people really track describe a cycle of deciding to track, tracking, lapsing and sometimes coming back, and treat lapsing as a normal part of use rather than a failure (Epstein et al., 2015). In trials of depression and anxiety apps, about 19% of people had dropped out by the end of the trial and about 28% by follow-up (Liu et al., 2025).

so tabula

  • welcomes you back after time away, with nothing to catch up on.
  • lets you fill in past days if you want to, and never shows a gap as a failure.

logging that stays light

evidence: strong

Adherence falls as tracking takes more effort. In one study in a 2026 review, daily check-in completion fell from 78% in the first week to 47% by week 16 (Astill Wright et al., 2026). Across app trials, only about 62% of people used their app as much as the trial intended, and reminders helped keep people in (Liu et al., 2025).

so tabula

  • takes one tap, or one sentence to oratio, with no required fields.
  • sends only the reminders you choose, and makes them easy to snooze.

focus helpers for adhd

evidence: early

Adults with ADHD describe task management as relational and emotional, and say most tools assume steady self-regulation they don't have (Chen et al., 2026). Professionals with ADHD prefer quiet, customisable, non-judgemental support over gamified pressure or hard deadlines (Deshmukh, 2025). Prototypes point toward one-step-at-a-time flows and cues to get started (Xu, 2026), and body doubling (working alongside someone) looks promising in a small, not yet peer-reviewed study (Ara et al., 2025).

so tabula

  • offers focus helpers when you start: fewer choices at once, shorter forms, and one thing at a time.
  • calls them helpers, not a treatment, because this research is still early.

references

  • Ara, Z., Rahim, I. B., Zhou, P., Yu, L.-C., Esmaeili, B., Yu, L.-F., & Hong, S. R. (2025). You are not alone: Designing body doubling for ADHD in virtual reality [Preprint]. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2509.12153
  • Astill Wright, L., Shajan, G., Purewal, D., Stone, J., Majid, M., Guo, B.-L., & Morriss, R. (2026). Mood monitoring, mood tracking, and ambulatory assessment interventions in depression and bipolar disorder: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JMIR Mental Health, 13, Article e84020. https://doi.org/10.2196/84020
  • Bralee, E., Mostazir, M., Warren, F. C., Newbold, A., Hulme, C., Cranston, T., Aas, B., Bear, H., Botella, C., Burkhardt, F., Ehring, T., Fazel, M., Fontaine, J., Frost, M., García-Palacios, A., Greimel, E., Hößle, C., Hovasapian, A., Huyghe, V. E., . . . Watkins, E. R. (2025). Brief use of behavioral activation features predicts benefits of self-help app on depression symptoms: Secondary analysis of a selective prevention trial in young people. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000917
  • Chen, J.-R., Meng, Y.-B., & Nie, K.-X. (2026). "Not just me and my to-do list": Understanding challenges of task management for adults with ADHD and the need for AI-augmented social scaffolds. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 10. https://doi.org/10.1145/3816978
  • Cheng, C., & Ebrahimi, O. V. (2023). Gamification: A novel approach to mental health promotion. Current Psychiatry Reports. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-023-01453-5
  • Deshmukh, R. (2025). Toward neurodivergent-aware productivity: A systems and AI-based human-in-the-loop framework for ADHD-affected professionals. In Proceedings of the 16th Biannual Conference of the Italian SIGCHI Chapter. Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3750069.3750114
  • Epstein, D. A., Ping, A., Fogarty, J., & Munson, S. A. (2015). A lived informatics model of personal informatics. In Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing. Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/2750858.2804250
  • Everitt, N., Broadbent, J., Richardson, B., Smyth, J., Heron, K. E., Teague, S. J., & Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M. (2021). Exploring the features of an app-based just-in-time intervention for depression. Journal of Affective Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.021
  • Fincham, G. W., Strauss, C., & Cavanagh, K. (2023). Effect of coherent breathing on mental health and wellbeing: A randomised placebo-controlled trial. Scientific Reports. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-49279-8
  • Fincham, G. W., Strauss, C., Montero-Marín, J., & Cavanagh, K. (2023). Effect of breathwork on stress and mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised-controlled trials. Scientific Reports, 13, Article 432. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-27247-y
  • Lachowicz, A. M., Houben, M., Ottaviani, C., Van Diest, I., Wampers, M., Cornelis, J., Myin-Germeys, I., & Vaessen, T. (2026). Efficacy of slow-paced breathing as a just-in-time adaptive intervention for anxiety: A randomized controlled study. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-025-09760-8
  • Litvin, S., Saunders, R., Maier, M. A., & Lüttke, S. (2020). Gamification as an approach to improve resilience and reduce attrition in mobile mental health interventions: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS ONE, 15(9), Article e0237220. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237220
  • Liu, C., Torous, J., Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M., Messer, M., Anderson, C., Soliman, O. I., & Linardon, J. (2025). Uptake, adherence, and attrition in clinical trials of depression and anxiety apps: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2025.3439
  • Morello, K., Schäfer, S., Kunzler, A. M., Priesterroth, L., Tüscher, O., & Kubiak, T. (2023). Cognitive reappraisal in mHealth interventions to foster mental health in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Digital Health, 5, Article 1253390. https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2023.1253390
  • Six, S. G., Byrne, K., Tibbett, T. P., & Pericot-Valverde, I. (2021). Examining the effectiveness of gamification in mental health apps for depression: Systematic review and meta-analysis. JMIR Mental Health, 8(11), Article e32199. https://doi.org/10.2196/32199
  • Valentine, L., Hinton, J., Bajaj, K., Boyd, L., O'Sullivan, S., Sorenson, R. P., Bell, I., Vega, M. S., Liu, P., Peters, W., Mangelsdorf, S., Wren, T. W., Moller, C. I., Cross, S., McEnery, C., Bendall, S., Nicholas, J., & Alvarez-Jimenez, M. (2025). A meta-analysis of persuasive design, engagement, and efficacy in 92 RCTs of mental health apps. npj Digital Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01567-5
  • Xu, J. (2026). Task initiation support for adults with ADHD: A wearable and UI-based assistive prototype. Academic Journal of Science and Technology, 19(2), 41–46. https://doi.org/10.54097/x8dgmd62

found with consensus. if you're in crisis, tabula isn't the right tool: please reach out to a local crisis line or emergency services.